Calomel (Hg/ Hg2Cl2) reference electrodes have a stable and well-defined potential, making them suitable for precise measurements. They exhibit low impedance and are insensitive to light, making them advantageous for various electrochemical applications.

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Tips: What are the types of reference electrodes?

Reference electrodes are crucial in electrochemical measurements, providing a stable potential against which the working electrode potential is measured. Common types include the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE), offering a precise potential but impractical due to handling difficulties. The Ag/AgCl electrode is widely used in aqueous solutions, providing stability and ease of use. Another variant is the saturated calomel electrode (SCE), featuring a mercury-based redox system. Non-aqueous systems often employ the silver/silver ion electrode. Pseudo-reference electrodes, like the ferrocene/ferrocenium (Fc/Fc+) couple, offer advantages in organic solvents. Solid-state reference electrodes, such as those based on ion-conductive ceramics, present alternatives with enhanced durability. Choosing the appropriate reference electrode depends on the specific electrochemical system, considering factors like solvent, potential range, and experimental conditions.